![]() ![]() aeolicus uses thiosulfuric acid and sulfur as well as molecular hydrogen as electron donors, and uses nitrate and nitrite as well as molecular oxygen as electron acceptors. Aquifex aeolicus is a typical Aquificae bacterium, and grows within a temperature range of 67–95 ☌ (optimal temperature = 85 ☌) and a pH range of 5.4–7.5 (optimal pH = 6.8). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences suggests that Aquificae diverged at an early stage in the evolutional lineage of bacteria 4, 5, although analyses of some individual protein sequences showed that Aquificae might be located near other phyla such as ε-proteobacteria 6. ![]() Members of Aquificae are chemoautotrophs that oxidize hydrogen gas and use carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source 1, 2, 3. ![]() The phylum Aquificae includes Gram-negative and thermophilic bacteria that live in hot springs or near submarine volcanoes. In nature, many microorganisms exist that live in harsh environments. The Na +-driven flagellar genes might have been laterally transferred from early-branched bacteria into late-branched bacteria and the interaction surfaces of the stator and rotor seem not to change in evolution. As motor proteins from hyperthermophilic bacteria represent the earliest motor proteins in evolution, this study strongly suggests that ancient bacteria used Na + for energy coupling of the flagellar motor. aeolicus MotA cytoplasmic region remarkably enhanced the motility. aeolicus MotA and chimeric MotB whose periplasmic region was replaced with that of E. Its motility was slightly recovered by expression of A. aeolicus mot genes ( motA and motB), which encode the torque generating stator proteins of the flagellar motor, in a corresponding mot nonmotile mutant of Escherichia coli. aeolicus has polar flagellum and can swim with a speed of 90 μm s −1 at 85 ☌. aeolicus has an almost complete set of flagellar genes that are conserved in bacteria. Aquifex aeolicus is a hyperthermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing and carbon-fixing bacterium that can grow at temperatures up to 95 ☌. ![]()
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